Peran Kecerdasan Emosional dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Kepemimpinan dan Kinerja Tim
Abstract
Efektivitas kepemimpinan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kompetensi teknis dan kognitif, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan pemimpin memahami dan mengelola emosi. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran kecerdasan emosional dalam meningkatkan efektivitas kepemimpinan dan kinerja tim. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur kualitatif terhadap artikel jurnal bereputasi, meta-analisis, dan buku akademik dengan analisis isi tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan emosional, yang mencakup kesadaran diri, pengaturan diri, motivasi, empati, dan keterampilan sosial, berkaitan dengan efektivitas kepemimpinan melalui respons yang lebih tepat terhadap emosi pengikut serta komunikasi dan kepercayaan yang lebih kuat. Pada tingkat tim, pemimpin yang cerdas secara emosional membantu membangun iklim yang aman secara psikologis dan kohesif sehingga mendukung kinerja. Namun, bukti meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan hubungan ini bergantung pada cara pengukuran konstruk. Model konseptual diusulkan, dan temuan ini menyarankan agar pengembangan kecerdasan emosional menjadi bagian dari seleksi dan pelatihan kepemimpinan.
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